![]() ![]() ![]() Nataraja Mudaliar) and Vigathakumaran (1928, J. The first Tamil and Malayam films, also silent films, were Keechaka Vadham (1916, R. The latter film had a story based on elements from Sanskrit epics, and its successes led many to consider Phalke a pioneer of Indian cinema. Some film scholars have argued that Pundalik was not a true Indian film because it was simply a recording of a stage play, filmed by a British cameraman with the film processed in London. Both were premiered at the Coronation Cinematograph in Bombay. The first full-length Indian films released in India were the Marathi-language silent films Shree Pundalik (1912, Dadasaheb Torne) and Raja Harishchandra (1913, Dadasaheb Phalke). Bhatavdekar, showing a wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Bombay, was the first film to be shot by an Indian and the first Indian documentary film. With Stevenson's camera and encouragement, Indian photographer Hiralal Sen filmed scenes from that show, exhibited as The Flower of Persia (1898). In 1897, a film presentation by filmmaker Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcutta's Star Theatre. ![]() Following the screening of the Lumière and Robert Paul moving pictures in London in 1896, commercial cinematography became a worldwide sensation and these films were shown in Bombay (now Mumbai) that same year. The history of cinema in India extends to the beginning of the film era. Major Indian enterprises in the film industry include Aascar Films, Aashirvad Cinemas, AGS Entertainment, AVM Productions, Eros International, Geetha Arts, Lyca Productions, Modern Theatres, Mythri Movie Makers, Salman Khan Films, Sun Pictures, Suresh Productions, UTV Motion Pictures, Yash Raj Films and Zee Entertainment Enterprises. Millions of Indians overseas watch Indian films, accounting for 12% of revenue. Modern film releases are dubbed into many languages, forming a Pan-India films movement. Indian cinema is a global enterprise and its films have wide viewership and fanbase throughout South Asia and have spread internationally. As of 2021, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema's box-office revenue. As of 2020, the combined revenue of all other language film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Bollywood Hindi film industry. ![]() Other prominent languages in the Indian film industry include Malayalam and Kannada, representing 5% each, as well as Bengali, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati and Bhojpuri. In 2019, Hindi cinema represented 44% of box office revenue, followed by Tamil and Telugu film industries, each representing 13%. Indian cinema is composed of various language film industries. In terms of box office it ranked third in 2019, with total gross of around ₹220 billion (US$2.7 billion). For a number of years the Indian film industry has ranked first in the world in terms of annual film output. Major centres of film production in the country include Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar- Cuttack, and Guwahati. The cinema of India consists of films produced in India, where more than 1,600 films produced annually. ![]()
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